Are fertilizers made from oil?One thing we keep hearing is that our food production will seriously decline when we start running out of oil because we depend on petroleum based fertilizers. Fortunately this is not true. |
So where does fertilizer come from?
The macronutrients required by plants are N (Nitrogen), K (Potassium) and P (Phosphorus). These are the 3 main types of fertilizer.
Potassium comes from a variety of natural sources. One of the most common is potash, which can be found in large deposits in Canada, Russia, Europe and elsewhere. It can also be produced from seaweed or wood ash. Potassium can also be extracted from potassium salts which are commonly found in ancient lakebeds as well as in salt lakes such as the Dead Sea. Significant amounts of potassium also can be found in seawater.
Phosphorus is commonly produced from a number of phosphate minerals. It may also be extracted from processed biomass or from other sources including sea water, but the concentrations are too low to make it competitive with mineral-based phosphorus.
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Nitrogen fertilizers are created from the atmosphere through nitrogen fixation. This requires the use of hydrogen. Although oil is made from hydrogen and carbon, natural gas (methane) is by far the most common source of the hydrogen used in modern nitrogen fertilizer production. Natural gas is not peaking, but when it does, fertilizer can be produced from coal, as is done in China today; 60% of China’s nitrogen fertilizer production is currently based on coal. Fortunately coal is still available worldwide in large quantities. Once renewable energies become sufficiently available it will also be possible, and economically feasible, to produce hydrogen from water. |
A much less common fertilizer type is Trace Mineral.
In some cases areas may lack trace minerals such as iron or calcium, making this the limiting factor in the growth of plants. In such cases, mixtures of minerals may be added to supplement the soil.
If you wonder which products are made from oil you may want to have a look at this list or this page.
Sources:
http://depletedcranium.com/once-again-fertilizer-is-not-petroleum-based/
http://peakoildebunked.blogspot.com/2005/08/28-isnt-fertilizer-made-from-crude-oil.html
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